Biogeography and evolution of a widespread Central American lizard species complex: Norops humilis, (Squamata: Dactyloidae)

摘要: Caribbean anole lizards (Dactyloidae) have frequently been used as models to study questions regarding biogeography and adaptive radiations, but the evolutionary history of Central American anoles (particularly those genus Norops) has not well studied. Previous work hypothesized a north-to-south dispersal pattern Norops, no studies examined within any Norops lineages. Here we test two major hypotheses for N. humilis/quaggulus complex (defined herein, forming subset Savage Guyer’s humilis group). Specimens group were collected in America, from eastern Mexico Canal Zone Panama. Major nodes dated comparison geologic ancestral ranges estimated patterns. These lineages displayed northward pattern. We also demonstrate that consists series highly differentiated mitochondrial lineages, with more conserved nuclear evolution. The paraphyly species is confirmed. A spatial analysis molecular variance suggests current populations are genetically distinct one another, limited mitochondrial gene flow occurring among sites. observed south-to-north colonization route Norops represents first evidence lineage colonizing pattern, (opposite previously held hypothesis mainland Norops). One described taxon (N. quaggulus) was nested humilis, demonstrating this species; while our analyses reject monophyly (sensu Guyer), tropidonotus, uniformis, marsupialis being distantly related to/highly divergent complex. Our sheds light on mainland past events, providing against other groups anoles.