Energy Resources and Potentials

摘要: Executive Summary An energy resource is the first step in chain that supplies services (for a definition of services, see Chapter 1). Energy are largely ignorant particular them; however, often infrastructures, technologies, and fuels along delivery highly dependent on type resource. The availability costs bringing resources to market place key determinants affordable accessible services. pose no inherent limitation meeting rapidly growing global demand as long adequate upstream investment forthcoming – for exhaustible exploration, production technology, capacity (mining field development) and, by analogy, renewables conversion technologies. Hydrocarbons Nuclear Occurrences hydrocarbons fissile materials Earth's crust plentiful yet they finite. extent ultimately recoverable oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium subject numerous reviews, still range values literature large (Table 7.1). For example, conventional oil between 4900 exajoules (EJ) reserves 13,700 EJ (reserves plus resources) sustains continued debate controversy. result varying boundaries what included analysis finite stock an resource, e.g., only unconventional occurrences, such shale, tar sands, extra-heavy oils.