History of Coronary MRA

摘要: When reviewing the history of coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), there is an extensive prehistory. It was noted early on that almost any cardiac-gated imaging (MRI) pulse sequence applied to thoracic occasionally able show small segments native vessels and bypass grafts (1–4), similar what happens with computed tomography (CT) scanning chest. Using conventional ECG-gated spin-echo techniques Lieberman et al. (1) reported in 1984 they were visualize portions arteries 7 23 patients. In 1987 Paulin (3) identify prospectively presence origin left main artery six subjects right ostium four subjects. obvious everybody, however, this not a reliable technique arteries. 1990–1991 period several MRA too or reproducible experimented then abandoned. These took advantage averaging over multiple respiratory cycles during very long acquisition pseudorespiratory gating (5,6). A interesting approach described 1991 by Wang (7) used fast selective inversion recovery projection some success. retrospect projectional 3-D rendering latest third-generation (see Chap. 20). Although successful for imaging, spinecho gradient-recalled-echo much more evaluation graft patency also historical overviews Chaps. 10 11). successes evaluating have been reviewed extensively review articles book chapters (8–10). Most work limited fact only evaluated single point, thus making it impossible comment lesions elsewhere lesion severity. More recently developed using contrast-enhanced significantly improved value MRI evaluation.