Environmental and Near-Surface Geophysics

摘要: Mud volcanoes are widespread in the world both on land and marine basins, collision transtensional settings (e.g., Kholodov 2002; Limonov 2004). Their presence is often an indicator of deep-seated hydrocarbon accumulations. At same time, mud volcanism represents great environmental hazard that must be taken into account design oil-and-gas pipelines other constructions. The main conditions for volcano formation a thick sedimentary cover (several kilometers) plastic clayey members with anomalously high pore pressure thermal water (Pilchin 1985; Nowadays, more than 900 terrestrial 800 offshore known or presumed to exist (Dimitrov 2002). More quarter all concentrated within Caucasus Kadirov et al. 2005) most (more 220) (Kholodov 2002) located “Abikh triangle” (Abikh 1863) near Baku (Fig. 8.1). always confined longitudinal faults intersection nodes transverse 1985). In general, pre-existing deep controlling factors. Many Black Sea Taman Peninsula (northwestern Caucasus) as well mid valley Yori River Georgia-Azerbaijan border