Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine small and large cell carcinomas: a review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic issues
作者： Marco Volante , Nadia Birocco , Gaia Gatti , Eleonora Duregon , Katia Lorizzo
DOI: 10.1016/J.HUMPATH.2013.03.016
关键词:
摘要: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (EPNEC) is a heterogeneous and rare group of high-grade neoplasms occurring in different organs. They usually share poor prognosis, but diagnostic therapeutic options still include several controversial issues, due to the rarity this condition differences architecture cell size, being some cases pure small carcinomas, other large carcinomas others combined/mixed with conventional non-neuroendocrine carcinoma. In addition, strategy varies organs (surgery and/or chemotherapy radiation therapy targeted treatments), clinicians pathologists are asked interact reach an accurate classification every single case, as well most appropriate selection treatment options, even considering time points each EPNEC natural history. This overview highlights pathological clinical issues summarizes possible solutions such EPNEC-related problems.
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