New trends in ion-selective electrodes

摘要: Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are the oldest class of chemical sensors and they still superior to other sensor types used in various applications biomedical, industrial, environmental fields. Clinical chemistry, particularly determination biologically relevant electrolytes physiological fluids, remains key area ISEs application. In contrast analytical methods, ion-selective respond an ion activity, not concentration, which makes them especially attractive for clinical applications, as health disorders usually correlated activity. Pharmaceutical analysis is another important where a large number drugs were reported be detectable by pharmaceutical formulations during manufacturing processes. The concentration their metabolites can measured real biological fluids. Most drug-selective based on exchangers exploit commonly high lipophilicities metabolites. possibility detecting polyionic macromolecules added new thrust past decade. Professors Ma Meyerhoff from University Michigan described first polymeric membrane that polyanion heparin. heparin-selective electrode was able detect heparin directly whole blood or plasma samples. order improve biocompatibility reduce adsorption cells polypeptides, several approaches including immobilization anticoagulants such continuous release active molecules nitric oxide used. An interesting approach group Bachas, who prepared potassium-selective coated with copolymer containing phosphorylcholine mimicked polar groups cell surfaces.