Development of water demand coefficients for power generation from renewable energy technologies

摘要: Abstract Renewable energy technology-based power generation is considered to be environmentally friendly and have a low life cycle greenhouse gas emissions footprint. However, the water footprint of renewable needs assessed. The objective this study develop footprints for pathways. Water demand evaluated through consumption withdrawals coefficients developed in study. Sixty pathways were comprehensive comparative assessment footprints. based on use biomass, nuclear, solar, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal as source energy. During complete cycle, from bio-oil extracted wood chips, biomass source, was found highest wind lowest. biomass-based range 260 1289 l per kilowatt hour nuclear 0.48 179 l hour. solar energy-based ranges 0.02 4.39 l hour, 0.04 1.94 l 0.005 0.104 l A sensitivity analysis conducted with varying conversion efficiencies evaluate impact plant performance demand. Cooling systems used plants also studied include once-through, recirculating, dry, hybrid cooling. When only stage considered, hydroelectricity once-through cooling showed (68 l hour) (178 l hour), respectively.