Atmospheric Disturbances and Radiation Impulses Caused by Large-Meteoroid Impacts on the Surface of Mars. I. Formation and Evolution of Dust Cloud

摘要: We consider the mechanisms of formation dust ejected from craters produced by large-meteoroid impacts on Martian surface, as well elevation that already existed due to impulsed aeolian processes. Detailed numerical calculations injection, shock wave propagation, and evolution cloud are carried out for vertical meteoroids with sizes 1 m 100 m. The results these show raised a 1-m impactor is sufficient produce local storm, while mass formed in large bodies comparable regional or even global storm. impact detection rates 1-, 5-, 20-, 100-m-sized estimated be few events per year, one event every 5–6 years, 300–800 5000–20 000 respectively. In last case, thickness layer precipitated small fragments, which has been through over period 107–108 surface. first greater than typical “dust devils.” speed wind at distances site shown exceed critical blowing-off surface begins. Some factors may enhance ejection have previously ignored calculations. discuss here role factors. second part our study deals determination impact-induced radiation impulse estimation its effect rise dust.