Comparison of 100% renewable energy system scenarios with a focus on flexibility and cost

摘要: Abstract In this study, a particular class of energy system scenarios assuming 100% renewable (RE) are selected and compared. The purpose is to compare the relative characteristics scenarios, focusing on amount types flexibility used predicted electricity generation cost. approach included screening 45 studies (some which contained multiple scenarios) down-select 8 studies, high-fidelity short-term models. compared applied many strategies for providing flexibility, was found be crucial significant component RE system. Accordingly, only two fifteen examined variable fraction greater than 65% total scenario capacity (73% 69%). Predicted costs varied drastically in all regions. Some provided (including business-as-usual costs) that could 3 out 4 including cost, were between 41% 104% more expensive. fourth study showed same system, 62% cheaper when externalities included.