作者: Daniel Rothbart
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0417-6_10
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摘要: When modern instruments are used in laboratory research, dramatic changes occur at the microscopic level. Depending on particular instrument employed, a specimen absorbs or emits radiation; alternatively, radiation is scattered, refracted diffracted. In many studies, researcher then renders decisive judgment, whether to declare triumphantly that his/her findings reveal something real about chemical substance refrain from such judgment for fear of having produced an artificial effect. Both judgments presuppose conditions can be separated effects. Some commentators charge any pronouncement success, independently-existing properties revealed experimental masks inherent artificiality all techniques. The infiltration socially-determined practices research so thoroughly contaminating declarations access Nature’s independent entities convey more scientist’s hubris than it does objectivity