Applying the Science of Learning to Multimedia Instruction

摘要: Abstract Multimedia instruction refers to learning environments that contain both words and pictures with the intention promote learning, such as illustrated textbooks, narrated slideshow presentations, online animations, educational computer games. The design of effective multimedia should be guided by science (i.e., scientific study how people learn), assessment know what help learn). Concerning cognitive theory is based on three principles from dual channels, limited capacity, active processing); five processes during selecting pictures, organizing integrating); kinds representations external representations, sensory copies in memory, images sounds working pictorial verbal models knowledge long-term memory). assessment, focus transfer context outcomes no rote meaningful learning); experimental comparisons instructional effectiveness, including role effect size; individual differences prior knowledge. instruction, triarchic distinguishes among goals corresponding research-based techniques—reducing extraneous processing, managing essential fostering generative processing. Applying a success story for psychology, pointing reciprocal relation between psychology practice.