Chapter one. Mitigating nonpoint source pollution in agriculture with constructed and restored wetlands.

摘要: Abstract Nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) from agricultural runoff threatens drinking water quality, aquatic habitats, and a variety of other beneficial uses resources. Agricultural often contains suite water-quality contaminants, such as nutrients, pesticides, pathogens, sediment, salts, trace metals, substances, contributing to biological oxygen demand. Increasingly, growers who discharge must comply with regulations implement management practices reduce NPSP. Constructed restored wetlands are one many best that can employ address this problem. This review focuses on the ability constructed mitigate contaminants common most landscapes. We found remove or retain in if carefully designed managed. Contaminant removal efficiency generally exceeded 50% for nitrate, microbial particulate phosphorus, hydrophobic selected elements when were placed correct settings. There some potentially adverse effects be considered, including accumulation mercury selenium, increased salinity, mosquito habitat, greenhouse gas emissions. Proper wetland design features discussed order these effects, while optimizing contaminant removal.