Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts.

摘要: Disasters are a recurring fact of life, and major incidents can have both immediate long-lasting negative effects on the health well-being people, communities, economies. A primary goal many disaster preparedness, response, recovery plans is to reduce likelihood severity impacts through increased resilience individuals communities. Unfortunately, most do not address directly drivers long-term humans – that is, acute, chronic, cumulative stress -- therefore less enhance than they could. Stress has been shown lead or exacerbate ailments ranging from mental illness, domestic violence, substance abuse, post-traumatic disorders, suicide cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, other infirmities. Individuals, groups, organizations, social ties all vulnerable stress. We summarize selected literature about disasters, resilience, disaster-associated recommend eight actions improve resiliency inclusion alleviation in planning: (1) Improve existing behavioral physical programs better address, leverage, coordinate resources for reduction, relief, treatment planning response. (2) Emphasize pre- post-disaster collection relevant biomarker health-related data provide baseline status against which could be assessed, continued monitoring these indicators evaluate recovery. (3) Enhance capacity science public early-responders. (4) Use natural infrastructure minimize damage. (5) Expand geography response relief incorporate displacement affected people. (6) Utilize nature-based alleviate health. (7) Review laws, policies, regulations identify opportunities strengthen preparedness responses including stress-related impacts, engage provision services. (8) With community participation, develop institute equitable processes pre-disaster dealing with damage assessments, litigation, payments, housing.