Assessment of natural and anthropogenic impacts in groundwater, utilizing multivariate statistical analysis and inverse distance weighted interpolation modeling: the case of a Scopia basin (Central Greece)

摘要: In Scopia basin, central Greece, a hydrochemical investigation was completed. Groundwater samples from 41 sites were used to assess the natural and anthropogenic impacts in groundwater, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) involved with inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation modeling hierarchical cluster (HCA). Best fit model explain spatial distribution of both parameters PCA chosen by optimizing IDW interpolator’s parameters. Precision picked based on less root-mean-squared prediction error (RMSPE) amongst predicted actual values measured at same locations. exhibit Ca–Mg–HCO3 as dominant type their greater part are mixed waters non-dominant ion. Interpolation models demonstrate high estimations nitrates zones agricultural activities nickel chromium regions strong presence ultrabasic rocks. Dominant groundwater surpasses many cases European Community (EC) drinking water permissible limits. Thus, they unsuitable for human consumption. illustrated four factors, which clarified 80.62% aggregate variance data HCA classified two statistically significant clusters sampling sites. Results show procedures ascribed weathering minerals contained rocks influences related use fertilizers wastewater leak. light FAO standards Richards’s classification, groundwaters reasonable irrigation purposes, featuring low sodium hazard moderate salinity hazard.