A network equilibrium analysis on destination, route and parking choices with mixed gasoline and electric vehicular flows

摘要: In many countries across the world, fossil fuels, especially petroleum, are largest energy source for powering socio-economic system, and transportation sector dominates consumption of petroleum in these societies. As price continuously climbs threat global climate changes becomes more evident, world is now facing critical challenges reducing exploiting alternative sources. A massive adoption plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), battery (BEVs), offers a very promising approach to changing current structure diminishing greenhouse gas emissions other pollutants. Understanding how individual vehicle drivers behave subject technological restrictions infrastructure availability estimating resulting aggregate supply–demand effects on urban systems not only development, but also has determinant implications environmental policy enactment. This paper presents an equilibrium-based analytical tool quantifying travel choice patterns networks with both gasoline vehicular flows. Specifically, network equilibrium problem combined destination, route parking choices driving range limit cost composition associated BEVs formulated, solved, numerically analyzed under different settings scenarios. The defined introduces new dimension modeling problems side constraints. practical significance developed lies its solution tractability extension capability ease being embedded into existing demand forecasting framework.