Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

摘要: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus virus (CCHFV), which member of Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during large outbreak among agricultural workers in mid-1940s Crimean peninsula. The now occurs sporadically throughout much Africa, Asia, and Europe results an approximately 30% fatality rate. After short incubation period, characterized sudden onset high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular changes. In cases, manifestations, ranging from petechiae to areas ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera ixodid ticks serve both as vector reservoir for CCHFV; however, Hyalomma are particularly important ecology this virus. fact, occurrence closely approximates known world distribution spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure these represents major risk factor contracting disease; other factors discussed review. recent years, advances molecular detection CCHFV, use real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), clinical tick samples have allowed rapid diagnosis epidemiology studies. Treatment options limited. Immunotherapy ribavirin been tried with varying degrees success sporadic outbreaks disease, but no case-controlled trials conducted. Consequently, there currently antiviral treatment approved U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested well increased knowledge its basic biology, may lead improved therapies future. This article reviews history, epidemiology, ecology, features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, CCHF. addition, biology CCHFV presented, issues related possible bioterrorism agent discussed.