Population genetics of Howellia aquatilis (Campanulaceae) in disjunct locations throughout the Pacific Northwest

摘要: Howellia aquatilis A.Gray (water howellia) is a federally-listed threatened aquatic plant species with limited distribution in four states: California, Idaho, Montana, and Washington. Previous studies have shown lack of genetic variation within the species; these studies, however, excluded samples from one or more states. There been no published on population biology genetics six known California populations their evolutionary relationship to other Pacific Northwest populations. We used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms identify among populations, compare Washington Analysis molecular variance 92 individuals show that 83.8% found 16.2% (P < 0.001). All sampled all states provide 83.7% 16.3% A UPGMA analysis confirms there clear clustering Montana cluster and, although sample sizes, Idaho are distantly related Waterfowl migration patterns support hypothesis for avian dispersal as primary factor gene flow aquatilis.