Integrated Systems for Control of the Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella in Cotton

摘要: The pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) is a major pest of cotton Gossypium spp. in the growing areas south-western USA and many other cotton-producing world. High chemical control costs, excessive economic losses, secondary problems, environmental social considerations have suggested need for ecologically oriented management strategies. Extensive research over years has produced monitoring, biological control, cultural, behavioural, genetic host plant resistance methods that can be integrated into effective systems. Pink moth mobility necessitates (IPM) implementation large geographical areas. Local uncoordinated efforts not reduced status any area where it an established pest. cotton-growing involved present wide range population densities, production methods, considerations. Tailor-made systems targeted with selection IPM components based on density, crop feasibility are most likely to succeed as long-term suppression programmes. breakthrough host-plant through transformation gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) subsp. kurstaki (Bt) varieties insect toxic crystalline protein provided framework efficient management. success area-wide highly dependent participation by all segments agricultural community planning, site selection, implementation, assessment phases programme. A extension-education communication programme essential component. outstanding performance Bt-cotton pheromone behavioural bollworm, availability historically-proven technologies (cultural controls, residue destruction, water management, planting dates, sterile release), encouraged formulation multi-agency transboundary eradication plan. was initiated 2001-2002 El Paso/Trans Pecos Texas, South Central New Mexico Chihuahua, Mexico. results been exceptionally encouraging provide promising expectations infested north-western levels releases pursue goal eradication.