Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in antimicrobial defence and immuno-regulation: tryptophan depletion versus production of toxic kynurenines.

摘要: Tryptophan metabolism occurs via the protohemoprotein enzymes tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine (IDO), latter action of which has a number effects in body including both antimicrobial defence immune regulation. Whilst IDO is largely due to depletion essential amino acid tryptophan, regulatory function still unclear controversial. The list pathogens that are "sensitive" IDO-mediated degradation covers intra-cellular parasites such as toxoplasma possibly plasmodia, viruses (herpes viruses) bacteria (chlamydia rickettsia) extra-cellular streptococci, enterococci staphylococci. Immune regulation may be consequence depletion, accumulation immune-active or toxic metabolites other signalling events. This review latest data controversy pertaining metabolism.