Energy, exergy, economic and environmental (4E) analyses of flat-plate and V-groove solar air collectors based on aluminium and copper

摘要: Abstract An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of energy, economic, and environment SACs which are smooth roughened by v-groove protrusions arranged made copper aluminium materials. In this context; exergy, (4E) analyses investigated using data obtained from studies at air mass flow rates 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 0.1 kg/s. Thermal, environmental impacts for performance enhancement have determined. It reveals that average thermal exergy efficiencies SACs, installed region collectors, were 43–60% 6–12%, respectively. Among all others with showed highest heat transfer enhancements friction factors high than those flat, among tested in study. The payback period was found be between 4.3 4.6 years when calculated on a yearly basis, significantly less estimated lifetime system. enviro-economic cost values 4.5 5.77 $/year. Consequently, results show collectors preferable due their despite price disadvantage. although slightly higher cost, produce much coefficients compared flat SACs.