The Demographic Benefits of Belligerence and Bravery: Defeated Group Repopulation or Victorious Group Size Expansion?

摘要: Intraspecific coalitional aggression between groups of individuals is a widespread trait in the animal world. It occurs invertebrates and vertebrates, prevalent humans. What are conditions under which evolves natural populations? In this article, I develop mathematical model delineating where selection can favor coevolution belligerence bravery small-scale societies. Belligerence increases an actor's group probability trying to conquer another increase actors's defeating attacked group. The takes into account two different types demographic scenarios that may lead bravery. Under first, fitness benefits driving come through repopulation defeated by fission victorious ones. second scenario, temporary local carrying capacity groups, after transfer resources from analysis suggests selective pressures on stronger when be repopulated also that, depending shape contest success function, costly evolve any size.