Tree performance in a biodiversity enrichment experiment in an oil palm landscape

摘要: Large‐scale conversion of tropical forests into oil palm monocultures has led to dramatic losses biodiversity and ecosystem functions. While ecological restoration is urgently needed in many landscapes, there a lack scientific knowledge sustainable management strategies. We established experimental tree islands varying sizes (25 m² 1,600 m²) diversity levels (1, 2, 3 6 species) an plantation Sumatra, Indonesia. Six native multi‐purpose species including Archidendron pauciflorum (Jengkol), Durio zibethinus (Durian), Parkia speciosa (Petai), Shorea leprosula (Meranti), Peronema canescens (Sungkai) Dyera polyphylla (Jelutung) were planted between living felled palms. Here, we analyse the controlling factors growth survival during first 4 years at level local neighbourhood island. found significant effect on productivity, that is, basal area was higher multi‐species than single‐species islands. This overyielding attributed enhanced growth, while mortality had no effect. In neighbourhood, richness positive year only, indicating selection dominance well‐performing high are most likely driving overyielding. Trees grew better away from palms, suggesting tree‐palm competition. Proximity palms increased especially years, which trees might have benefited additional available space resources. Despite edge effects conventional surrounding, island size overall growth. Synthesis applications. landscape following pattern. The establishment success differed widely among six species. particular decisive factor foster relationship Planting larger (e.g. 1,600 square metres) option enhance but competition implies trade‐off production