Breast-feeding influences on later life--cardiovascular disease.

摘要: Current evidence, almost exclusively from observational studies, provides a rather mixed picture. From the few studies that have been able to look at fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events, there is little indication breast-feeding associated with either an increased decreased risk. With respect blood pressure, meta-analyses suggest small but statistically significant lowering of around 1 mmHg SBP having breast-fed in infancy. However, strong even this effect may partly be accounted for by publication bias. The strongest evidence reviewed chapter serum lipids, where good being increase total cholesterol In childhood appears no association, while adults some decline levels. As already outlined start chapter, whole area research made particularly difficult fact can defined many different ways. Some use definitions are equivalent exclusive prior weaning, others define it as ever breast-fed. This problem classification likely dilute any real associations exist. other major one interpretation. A result implying "good thing" health could equally construed "bad" bottle-feeding. these data alone, we cannot convincingly determine which conclusion correct. not simply philosophical debating point. discussed above relation interpretation results randomised trial infant feeding, issue has implications all on topic. progress will if conducted more precise and comparable way, take account composition alternative feeds. most easily done following up recent study populations were originally recruited shorter-term effects feeding outcomes such growth. looking disease risk profiles children (and later adults) who part PROBIT Belarus (see Chapters 5 10) prove fruitful.