Optimal planning to mitigate the impacts of roads on multiple species

摘要: Common worldwide and encroaching on even the most remote locations, roads negatively affects wildlife through habitat loss, fragmentation direct mortality. Reducing these effects requires mitigation, including crossing structures fencing. However, mitigation measures are expensive vary in their success level, especially when constructed to meet needs of several species. Moreover, planning rarely considers multiple As funds limited, deciding where how act for greatest return investment is crucial. Combining decision theory with a metapopulation model, we determined cost-effective actions mitigating The model illustrated two sets species varying life-history traits, from diversity taxonomic groups. We tested cost-effectiveness spatially explicit combinations three management options each road section: (a) no (b) fences without crossings, (c) combined crossings. explored trade-offs between population's probability persistence total cost, first per-species basis then considering all different strategies: single species, types focal based comprehensive multispecies planning. Planning at same time (multispecies strategy) maximizes number persisting provides robust strategy, while single-species strategies were found be inefficient. basing decisions largest home range can provide reasonably results, but should considered only there not enough or money collect necessary information perform analysis. Synthesis applications. Our adapted problems. It illustrates that plan system. resources limited those larger ranges used as reasonable proxies other