New varieties and the returns to commodity promotion: the case of Fuji apples.

摘要: The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a product, questions concern relative impact of consumer learning by experience, variety-specific promotion, or generic promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types promotion used to estimate effect and specific as well on demand for apples. Estimates show each have positive impact, also speciality varieties be price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns are calculated with an equilibrium displacement changes producer surplus. Changes surplus provide base-scenario benefit: cost ratio 6.33:1.