The colours and magnetic properties of hydrated iron group salts, and evidence for covalent bonding

摘要: The typical colours of paramagnetic salts containing [M(H$\_{2}$O)$\_{6}$], M = 3d$^{n}$, complexes, are generally assumed to arise from optical transitions between the orbital energy levels 3d ion which split by crystalline electric field due surrounding water dipoles. available absorption data analyzed using this ionic model and associated crystal theory, it is shown that while experiment theory agree fairly well, there systematic discrepancies. In addition, level separations given spectrum found be smaller than those predicted magnetic data. It how these discrepancies can accounted for introducing weak covalent bonds into [M(H$\_{2}$O)$\_{6}$] complex, so charge transfer attached molecules.