STRATEGIE DI QUANTIFICAZIONE E RIDUZIONE DELL'IMPATTO AMBIENTALE DEGLI ALLEVAMENTI

摘要: The activities of dairy farm contribute to environmental pollution through the surplus nitrogen and phosphorous that they produce. development sustainable farming systems with friendly production management is one most important aim European Commission Agriculture. A strategy decrease these on environment could be an optimization animal feeding management. Aim this thesis was perform some reduce caused by system (chapter 1), evaluate characteristics farms in North-Eastern part Italy terms ration composition, milk yield N P excretions 2), investigate long term effects conventional reduced level dietary CP or without addition rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid feed consumption, growth performance balance growing bulls fed corn silage-soybean TMR 3) propose a simplified approach predict amount slurry produced pigs basis, starting from simple inputs available 4). characteristic work combine scientific aspects operative institutional one. In first contribution we define model quantify excretion main system. objective study develop tool implement nutrient at using limited numbers parameters, easily collect farm. application level, instrument real value respect proposed current regulation. In second chapter balances were edited for sample Veneto Region. From point view, picture given area required information establish expected excretion. Eighty-nine located province Padua selected analyzed nutritional rations, quality We collected about rations composition each classified four groups diet crude protein (LCP 14.3% DM; HCP 15.9 % DM) (LMY 30 kg/d). Crude did not affected quality. Nitrogen excreted, after discounting 28% losses atmosphere, 72, 80, 83 95 kg/cow per year, excreted 18, 17, 17 20, respectively LCPLMY, LCPHMY, HCPLMY, HCPHMY groups. Milk around 31 kg/cow/day, can sustained 14.2% DM. In third double muscled Piemontese kept 2 differing density (diet HP: = 14.7% LP: 11.0% top dressed 80 g/d CLA mixture (CLA) 65 hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO) studied. Forty-eight (279 + 24 kg initial LW), divided experimental groups, housed 12 fully slatted floor pens. Dressing percentage conformation indexes performed slaughter. Over whole trial, no significant differences due treatment average daily gain DM intake found. conversion ratio (FCR) significantly interaction addition. No treatments observed slaughter traits. Low used muscle 450 670 LW negative consequence performance, FCR carcass quality, whereas reduction (28%) achieved. In 4 level. This last necessary, since present Ministerial Decree values representative conditions. Also case, developed parameters farm. To conclude, manure represent intensive identify strategies reach high efficiency pollution.