Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature.

摘要: The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. purpose this narrative review provide a broad overview published scientific literature with respect effects on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas known be particularly vulnerable cigarette smoke, in addition, has been hypothesized play role disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also discussed. February 2019 suggests that there no increased risk exposure consumers who have underlying pathology. There consensus not direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains established whether plays some human cancer propagation metastasis. progression pathways proposed models vitro transgenic rodent lines vivo but demonstrated cases cancer. Further studies needed determine linked decreased fertility humans. results from animal indicate potential act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More address questions regarding humans, may lead additional guidance concerning ENDS entering market.