作者: Mark A. Ricca , Robert G. Anthony , Dewaine H. Jackson , Scott A. Wolfe
DOI: 10.2307/3802958
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摘要: Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus; CWTD) are an endangered subspecies on which little demographic information exists. We determined survival rates and causes of mortality for 64 radiocollared adults from 1996 to 1998, 63 neonatal fawns during the summer fall months 1996-2001 in Douglas County, Oregon, USA. Annual adult averaged 0.74 over 3 years, most (73%) occurred between winter. Seasonal was lowest (0.75) fall-winter 1997-1998, ≥0.90 all spring-summer periods. seasonal did not differ by gender. Average annual 0.77 wildland areas compared with 0.66 suburban areas, but these differences were consistent years seasons. Survival entire 3-year study low (0.38). Eight died a combination emaciation disease, almost (92%) necropsied poor body condition. Fawn 7 (0.14, 95% CI = 0.02-0.26) declined rapidly first 1.5 life. Predation (n 21) abandonment 6) frequent known death fawns. Our results suggest that CWTD may have responded density-dependent factors this short-term study, although effects other environmental or intrinsic cannot be ignored. insufficient produce enough recruits population growth eventual range expansion.