Finite element modeling and shake-table testing of unidirectional infill masonry walls under out-of-plane dynamic loads

摘要: Abstract The dynamic out-of-plane response of unreinforced masonry walls is investigated. study combines analytical, numerical, and experimental methodologies. paper focuses on structural schemes that involve supporting at the base top yield a unidirectional (one-way) flexural action. First, modeling concepts for nonlinear analysis are discussed used as basis finite element formulation. based first-order shear deformation theory with large displacements, moderate rotations, small strains, material nonlinearity, Rayleigh type viscoelastic damping. nonlinearities due to cracking inelastic under cyclic compression introduced through constitutive model mortar. part includes shake-table testing different levels excitation compressive loading. results numerical quantify range physical phenomena, including arching rocking effects, coupling axial (in height direction) responses, role loading, vulnerability construction loads. comparison between examines capabilities gains insight into dynamics wall.