Evolutionary Dynamics of the Ty3/Gypsy LTR Retrotransposons in the Genome of Anopheles gambiae

摘要: Ty3/gypsy elements represent one of the most abundant and diverse LTR-retrotransposon (LTRr) groups in Anopheles gambiae genome, but their evolutionary dynamics have not been explored detail. Here, we conduct an silico analysis distribution abundance full complement 1045 copies updated AgamP3 assembly. Chromosomal is inversely related to arm length, with densities being greatest on X, greater short versus long arms both autosomes. Taking into account different heterochromatic euchromatic compartments our data suggest that relative LTRrs along each chromosome determined mainly by proportions heterochromatin, particularly pericentric total length. Additionally, breakpoint regions chromosomal inversion 2La appears be a haven for LTRrs. These are underrepresented more than 7-fold euchromatin, where 33% associated genes. The euchromatin 3R shows faster turnover rate elements, characterized deficit proviral sequences lowest average sequence divergence any autosomal region analyzed this study. This probably reflects principal role purifying selection against insertion preservation longer conserved syntenyc blocks adaptive importance located 3R. Although some show evidence recent activity, important fraction inactive remnants relatively ancient insertions apparently subject genetic drift. Consistent these computational predictions, occupancy putatively older natural populations suggested degenerate fixed across species range mosquito, also shared sibling arabiensis.