Introduction to serial reviews: physiological relevance of antioxid/redox genes; learning from genetically modified animals.

摘要: When organisms evolve to the point of using oxygen, fight against oxygen toxicity begins, and it becomes a matter survival. While respiration enables utilization large body free energy stored in organic compounds, reactive species (ROS) that are an inevitable result respiratory reaction, other metabolic processes, believed cause various diseases hasten aging. To understand oxidative stress redox regulation human beings, investigations based on chemical reactions biological responses prerequisite. experiments involving vitro essential understanding molecular basis stress, can be elucidated by ex vivo studies, such as cell culture, studies animals. Although most results obtained from performed under conditions consistent with those sometime inconsistencies emerge. Such discrepancies could, at least part, attributed during well complexity systems. In cases, tissue cultures incubator is maintained 5% CO2 95% air contains atmospheric (21%) oxygen. Because concentrations within 2–5% peripheral tissues, culturing will higher approximately one order. This indicates cells/tissues culture hyper oxygenated, which puts them chronic stress. Antioxidative/redox proteins induced eliminate ROS cells survive these hyperoxic conditions, they high levels compared situations. Therefore, elucidate functions antioxidants genes involved antioxidation/redox reactions, ideal situation would perform compare physiologic state. Advances technology recombinant DNA now enable generation genetically modified animals demand, provide clues for direct into roles vivo. Despite rates between laboratory quite different, essentially same. Thus, information limited but still helpful physiology pathogenesis. Limitations ambiguities study alone could partly overcome employing isolated mice, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF). usefulness mice gene expanding. This serial review represents overview recent advances pivotal responsible antioxidation, production, extending transcriptional regulatory factors expression. have become more specialized, comprehensive perspective often missed research field. An provides opportunity revisit genes, leads total living organisms. kind especially beneficial researchers doing clinical work, also engaged basic research.