Synthesis, part of a Special Feature on Beyond Carbon: Enabling Justice and Equity in REDD+ Across Levels of Governance REDD+ for the poor or the poor for REDD+? About the limitations of environmental policies in the Amazon and the potential of achieving environmental goals through pro-poor policies

摘要: Once again, the international community focuses on preservation of Amazonian forests, in particular through a bundle initiatives grouped under term REDD+. Initially focusing reducing carbon emissions, REDD+ process became increasingly linked with developmental goals that represent primary interest all Amazon countries. In consequence, can be seen as another attempt to achieve twin environmental protection and rural development, consequently, relies strategies tools past efforts. Against this background, we explore experiences key for poverty alleviation critically reflect about potential contribute sustainable local development region. The analysis demonstrates pursued mostly led more restrictions bureaucratic barriers forest users, while prevailing approaches promote dwellers showed ambivalent outcomes. Reasons these unsatisfactory results include sectoral alignment measures poor coordination lack coherence decisive policy areas. Most critically, social themselves rely classic approach widely disregarding smallholders' capacities development. manifold pilot activities emerging new framework tend repeat shortcomings, thereby further accelerating replacement socio-productive schemes unsustainable land uses. view growing consensus ecological incompatibility, limitations economic risks an alternative vision is needed, which consciously takes into account immense Considering still at start, there might possibilities re-adjust turn it real contribution Amazon.