Policy lessons for regulating public–private partnership tolling schemes in urban environments

摘要: Abstract Public–private partnerships (P3s) are likely to impact entire transportation systems in fundamental ways. However, few studies have examined the potential of P3s on large-scale networks. These focused modeling rather than policy analysis. The literature thus does not offer guidance for designing and administering improve system performance while maintaining profitability. Using Fresno, California's network as a laboratory, we consider effects alternative P3 tolling approaches profit maximization optimization at full urban scale. Based results, following recommendations makers design promote successful settings: (i) profitable socially beneficial system, toll rates should be set examining both profit-maximizing system-optimal rates; (ii) even though tolls (i.e., higher travel costs) roads help reduce demand they may, counter-intuitively, lead total cost overall because users’ decision longer distances avoid tolls, especially when high applied; (iii) lower limit(s) (in addition upper limits) may required enforce undercutting by private owners; (iv) variable approach temporally- spatially-varying tolls) significantly reduces congestion increases profits relative flat tolls; (v) public officials provide comprehensive plan regarding past, current, future projects along with detailed system-wide analysis more sustainable system.