Parasitism, predation and the evolution of animal personalities

摘要: Trade-offs between behavioural traits promoting high life-history productivity and mortality may fuel the evolution of animal personalities. We propose that parasites, including pathogens, impose fitness costs comparable to those from predators, influence adaptiveness personality associated with (PAPs). Whether are adaptive or not also depend on individual immunological capacity. illustrate this using a conceptual example in which optimal level PAPs depends predation, parasitism host compensation (resistance tolerance) parasitism's negative effects. assert inherent differences immune function can produce positive feedback loops resource intake costs, thereby providing variation underlying stable Our approach acknowledges condition dependence co-evolutionary dynamics hosts parasites.