Entropy change on the cooling and heating paths between liquid and glass and the residual entropy

摘要: We analyze the C(p)-T data for glassy state of eight materials varied molecular interactions and structures to investigate how use C(p)d ln T integral in time-dependent (nonreversible) thermodynamic path between a liquid glass affects our estimates entropy. Since change entropy on such cannot be determined, we estimate upper lower values change, Δσ, from integral. For same rates cooling heating without annealing, Δσ is negligibly different that path. The difference ∼1∕60th-1∕25th lowest known value residual even less than configurational supercooled at its kinetic freezing temperature. Thus nonreversible does not introduce significant errors estimating Dynamic C(p) used infer decreases formation. Time dependence has little consequence reality