Translational paradigms in scientific and clinical imaging of cardiac development.

摘要: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most prevalent congenital disease, with 45% of deaths resulting from a defect due to cardiac malformation. Clinically significant CHD permit survival upon birth, but may become immediately life threatening. Advances in surgical intervention have significantly reduced perinatal mortality, outcome for many malformations is bleak. Furthermore, patients living while tolerating often acquire additional complications long-term systemic blood flow changes caused by even subtle anatomical abnormalities. Accurate diagnosis during fetal development critical interventional planning and improving patient outcomes. quantitative, multidimensional imaging necessary uncover basic scientific clinically relevant morphogenetic associated hemodynamic consequences influencing normal abnormal development. Ultrasound widely used clinical technology assessing Ultrasound-based assessment modalities include motion mode (M-mode), two dimensional (2D), 3D/4D imaging. These datasets can be combined computational fluid dynamics analysis yield volumetric, physiological data. Additional modalities, however, available study mechanisms cardiogenesis, including optical coherence tomography, microcomputed magnetic resonance Each has its advantages disadvantages regarding resolution, depth penetration, soft tissue contrast considerations, cost. In this review, we analyze current technologies, research studies utilizing them, appropriate animal models reflecting cardiogenesis malformations. We conclude discussing translational impact future opportunities cardiovascular research. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:106–120, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.