Continual evolution through coupled fast and slow feedbacks.

摘要: Continual evolution describes the unceasing of at least one trait involving organism. The Red Queen Hypothesis is a specific case in which continual results from coevolution two species. While microevolutionary studies have described examples does not cease, understanding general conditions lead to or stasis remains major challenge. In many cases, it unclear experimental features model assumptions are necessary for observed emerge, and whether behavior robust variations given setup. Here, we aim find minimal set under occurs. To this end, present theoretical framework that assume any functional form and, therefore, can be applied wide variety systems. Our also enough make predictions about both monomorphic polymorphic populations. We show combination fast positive slow negative feedback between environment, population, evolving traits causes emerge even single trait, provided ecological timescale sufficiently faster than timescales mutation feedback. approach thus contribute deeper evolutionary dynamics resulting biotic interactions.