Nucleotides in infant nutrition: a must or an option.

摘要:  As nucleic acids: being the monomeric units they carry genetic code as DNA and RNA In biosynthesis: for example, UDP-galactose in synthesis of lactose or UDP-glucose process glycogenesis components co-enzymes: NAD, FAD coenzyme A biological regulators: cyclic AMP initiates secondmessenger cascades is ubiquitous all forms life, playing a key role regulating processes an energy source: ATP universal currency systems. Recently, several infant formula manufacturers announced addition nucleotides to their product. This step was taken following results studies suggesting potential benefits intestinal flora, immunity, iron absorption, lipid metabolism gut development. The question whether infants require nucleotide supplementation optimal nutrition cannot be answered categorically until other related questions are resolved. For example: Is there sufficient clinical evidence beneficial effects? Which should added what concentration relative proportions? Are safe? stable formula? Should given on free basis more complex molecule? attempt answer these present review summarizes effects nutrients provides update known side effects. Nucleotides human milk Human contains approximately 25% its nitrogen non-protein nitrogen, including substances such urea, amino acids, creatine creatinine, polyamines, carnitine. represent 2–5% [1,2]. past, content acellular part breast measured. Recently however, it has been recognized that digested by can generate substantially available nucleosides. Their main source live cells with contained milk. lack method capable quantifying sources prompted Leach et al. [3] develop novel assay converting ribonucleotides nucleosides, called TPAN (total nucleoside). They found geographical well stage-of-lactation variability nucleotides. overall range 82–402 µmol/L mean 189 µmol/L. Applying different method, Thorell [2] reported 163 equivalents. It seems methods confirm, independently, higher than previously reported. Biological dietary