Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

摘要: Since the initial description of “percutaneous pyelolithotomy” by Fernstrom and Johansson in 1976, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become standard for treatment large renal or proximal ureteral stones [Fernstrom (Scand J Urol Nephrol 10(3):257–259, 1976)]. Recently, various versions procedure have expanded indications to treat a variety stone burdens rendered open as historic procedure. With shorter times, lower transfusion rates, narcotic requirements, hospital stay, faster convalescence, cost, PCNL can be applied nearly any burden location [Snyder Smith (J 136(2):351–354, 1986)]. Despite overall safety effectiveness therapy [Preminger et al. 173(6):1991–2000, 2005)], still associated with significant morbidity, especially when complications are monitored standardized fashion. One recent study cited 60 % complication rate [de la Rosette 180(6):2489–2493, 2008)]. While majority these mild, urologist must ready prevent, appropriately identify, that he/she could encounter during after PCNL.