Bioarchaeological contributions to the study of violence

摘要: The bioarchaeological record has an abundance of scientific evidence based on skeletal indicators trauma to argue for a long history internal and external group conflict. However, the findings also suggest variability, nuance, unevenness in type, use, meaning violence across time space therefore defy generalizations or easy quantification. Documenting violence-related behaviors provides overview often unique sometimes patterned cultural use violence. Violence (lethal nonlethal) is associated with social spheres influence power connected daily life such as subsistence intensification, specialization, competition scarce resources, climate, population density, territorial protection presence immigrants, name just few. By using fine-grained biocultural analyses that interrogate data particular places at times reconstructed archaeological contexts, more comprehensive view into histories experiences emerges. Moreover, identifying culturally specific patterns related age, sex, status provide increasingly complex picture early small-scale groups. Some forms ritual have restorative regenerative aspects strengthen community identity. Bioarchaeological can shed light ways becomes part given landscape. Viewed context, osteological rich insights relationships many embedded within those relationships.