DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-3473-7.00003-0
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摘要: Noise and bandwidth of ionic current in nanopore recordings limit the sensitivity reliability nanopore-based single-molecule sensors because transient nature electrical signals. In this chapter, we introduce necessary instrumentation for performing low-noise experiments, discuss various sources noise detail, review progress made to date improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhance recordings. Admittedly, chapter will emphasize solid-state devices over their organic counterparts, though due strong overlap much material presented is directly applicable case biological nanopores. We operating principle amplifiers used apply voltages across a membrane measure resulting current. Knowledge electronic circuitry allows us identify contributing noise, including those associated with device, measurement electronics, arising from integration. examine generated by digitizer, use filters suppress high-frequency sampling considerations maximize temporal resolution SNR. Finally, conclude an outlook reviewing recent platforms explicitly designed sensing individual nucleic acid protein molecules.