作者: Nicolò de Manzini , Piera Leon , Paola Tarchi , Massimo Giacca
DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-2670-4_13
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摘要: Modern improvements in instrumental imaging have led to an increase our knowledge of the anatomy and natural history rectal cancer. Surgical techniques gone through developments aimed at improving radicality while preserving sphincter integrity pelvic innervations highest quality level; on other hand, goal exploring a less invasive approach for early-stage tumors has also been pursued.