Effects of Exotic Earthworms on Northern Hardwood Forests in North America

摘要: There are 36 species of exotic earthworms reported in North America and 26 them originate from Europe the others Asia (Reynolds, 1995). The first introduction former occurred during late 19 early 20 centuries, when many European plants were imported. These likely contained or earthworm cocoons soil (Minnesota Worm Watch, 2002-2003). More recent introductions various distributed fishing activities, as they used bait. Many released into lakes rivers found their way to favorable habitats Watch).