摘要: To understand the origin of virulence among pathogenic fungus is important to consider both host ecologic riche microbe involved. Host-associated fungi (eg commensals such as Candida albicans) generally cause disease only in situtations where there a disruption host-microbe relationship. On other hand, acquired from environment typically impaired hosts, after exposure large infective inocula, and/or when more virulent variant emerges. Animal and plant probably face similar selection pressures physical conditions, microbial competition predators amoebae. For some human determinants (virulence factors) appear have been selected for environmental survival function mammalian by accident or happenstance, than design. Given that many emerging infectious diseases reflect interspecies cross-kingdom jumps pathogenicity an enhanced understanding animal could help anticipate prepare future threats.
elsevier.com
sci-hub.se 参考文章(17)
E. Mylonakis, F. M. Ausubel, J. R. Perfect, J. Heitman, S. B. Calderwood, Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ,vol. 99, pp. 15675- 15680 ,(2002) , 10.1073/PNAS.232568599
Judith N. Steenbergen, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Stephanie D. Malliaris, Arturo Casadevall, Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum Infection and Immunity. ,vol. 71, pp. 4862- 4872 ,(2003) , 10.1128/IAI.71.9.4862-4872.2003
Richard W R Retallick, Hamish McCallum, Rick Speare, None, Endemic Infection of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus in a Frog Community Post-Decline PLOS Biology. ,vol. 2, pp. 1965- 1971 ,(2004) , 10.1371/JOURNAL.PBIO.0020351
Arturo Casadevall, Fungal virulence, vertebrate endothermy, and dinosaur extinction: is there a connection? Fungal Genetics and Biology. ,vol. 42, pp. 98- 106 ,(2005) , 10.1016/J.FGB.2004.11.008
Bruce S Klein, Molecular basis of pathogenicity in Blastomyces dermatitidis: the importance of adhesion. Current Opinion in Microbiology. ,vol. 3, pp. 339- 343 ,(2000) , 10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00100-4
Erin MacDonald, Laurie Millward, J.P Ravishankar, Nicholas P Money, Biomechanical interaction between hyphae of two Pythium species (Oomycota) and host tissues Fungal Genetics and Biology. ,vol. 37, pp. 245- 249 ,(2002) , 10.1016/S1087-1845(02)00514-5
Liise-anne Pirofski, Polysaccharides, mimotopes and vaccines for fungal and encapsulated pathogens Trends in Microbiology. ,vol. 9, pp. 445- 451 ,(2001) , 10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02134-5
T Tristan Brandhorst, Gregory M Gauthier, Richard A Stein, Bruce S Klein, None, Calcium binding by the essential virulence factor BAD-1 of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Journal of Biological Chemistry. ,vol. 280, pp. 42156- 42163 ,(2005) , 10.1074/JBC.M507188200
Arturo Casadevall, Judith N Steenbergen, Joshua D Nosanchuk, 'Ready made' virulence and 'dual use' virulence factors in pathogenic environmental fungi--the Cryptococcus neoformans paradigm. Current Opinion in Microbiology. ,vol. 6, pp. 332- 337 ,(2003) , 10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00082-1
Mark S. Schubert, Allergic fungal sinusitis. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. ,vol. 30, pp. 205- 216 ,(2006) , 10.1385/CRIAI:30:3:205