Mutual punishment promotes cooperation in the spatial public goods game

摘要: Punishment has been proved to be an effective mechanism sustain cooperation among selfish individuals. In previous studies, punishment is unidirectional: individual i can punish j but cannot i. this paper, we propose a of mutual punishment, in which the two individuals will each other if their strategies are different. Because symmetry imposing one might expect intuitively strategy have little effect on cooperation. Surprisingly, find that promote spatial public goods game. Other pertinent quantities such as time evolution cooperator density and distribution cooperators defectors also investigated.