Involvement of P2 receptors in the growth and survival of neurons in the CNS

摘要: Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been recognized as a ubiquitous, unstable signalling molecule, acting fast neurotransmitter and modulator of transmitter release neuronal excitability. Recent findings have demonstrated that ATP is growth factor participating in differentiation, cell proliferation, survival, well toxic agent mediates cellular degeneration death. Potential sources extracellular purines the nervous system include neurons, glia, endothelium, blood. A complex family ectoenzymes rapidly hydrolyzes or interconverts nucleotides, thereby either terminating their action producing an active metabolite altered purinoceptor selectivity. Most effects are mediated through 2 main subclasses specific surface receptors, P2X P2Y. Members these P2X/Y receptor families widely expressed central (CNS) involved glia-glia glia-neuron communications, whereby they play important physiological pathophysiological roles variety biological processes. After different kinds "acute" CNS injury (e.g., ischemia, hypoxia, mechanical stress, axotomy), can reach high concentrations, up to millimolar range, flowing out from cells into space, exocytotically, via transmembrane transport, result damage. In this review, P2 activation cause consequence death and/or glial described. The involvement receptors also described under "chronic" pathological conditions, such pain, epilepsia, influence ethanol amphetamine, retinal diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly, Parkinson's disease. relationship between changes expression response types extremely be related detrimental beneficial effects. present review therefore considers potent regulator normal processes brain, with focus on implications functions.