Inverse scattering problems in optics

摘要: 1. Progress in Inverse Optical Problems.- 1.1 Problems Optics and Elsewhere.- 1.2 Survey of Recent Results.- 1.2.1 Phase, Uniqueness, Estimation.- 1.2.2 Radiometry Coherence.- 1.2.3 A Moment Problem.- 1.3 Construction Lambertian Scatterers.- 1.3.1 Source Correlation.- 1.3.2 Random Scatterer Models.- 1.4 Organization this Volume.- References.- 2. The Scattering Problem Structural Determinations.- 2.1 Philosophical Background.- 2.2 Direct 2.2.1 Description the Medium.- 2.2.2 Scattered Fields.- 2.2.3 Expression for Intensity.- 2.3 Analytic Properties 2.3.1 Entire Functions Exponential Type.- 2.3.2 Distributions Zeros Class E.- 2.3.3 Encoding Information by Zeros.- 2.4 Deterministic 2.4.1 Limitations Measurements.- 2.4.2 Phase 2.4.3 Solutions to Zero 2.4.4 Location.- 2.4.5 Extensions Method.- 2.5 Statistical 2.5.1 Overall Characterization 2.5.2 Analytical Descriptors.- 2.5.3 Determination Descriptors from Finite Records.- 2.6 Conclusions.- 3. Photon-Counting Statistics Scintillation.- 3.1 Introductory Remarks.- 3.2 Statistics.- 3.2.1 Single-Interval 3.2.2 Photon-Correlation Spectroscopy.- 3.2.3 Instrumental Effects.- 3.2.4 Noise Accuracy.- 3.3 Theory.- 3.3.1 Mechanisms Theories Strong Scattering.- 3.3.2 "Discrete-Scatterer" Model.- 3.3.3 K Distributions.- 3.3.4 Correlation Functions.- 3.4 Limit Walk 3.4.1 Gaussian Limit.- 3.4.2 Negative Binomial Number Fluctuations.- 3.4.3 Population 3.5 Experiments.- 3.5.1 Dynamic Nematic Liquid Crystals.- 3.5.2 Hot-Air Screen.- 3.5.3 Extended Atmospheric Turbulence.- 3.5.4 Other 3.6 Concluding 4. Microscopic Models Photodetection.- 4.1 Photoelectron Photon 4.1.1 Definition 4.1.2 Ideal Real Detection.- 4.2 Detection - a Review.- 4.2.1 Mandel's Formula.- 4.2.2 Perturbation Approach.- 4.2.3 Field Attenuation.- 4.2.4 Inversion 4.3 Open-System Scheme.- 4.3.1 Detector 4.3.2 Relation Between Atomic Dynamics.- Dynamics Moments.- 4.3.3 Photocounting Probability.- 4.4 Disturbing 4.4.1 Dark Currents Noise.- Photodetectors.- Photoconductive Detectors.- Photomultipliers.- PMT 4.4.2 Dead Time 4.4.3 Coherence Sampling Spatial Counting 4.5 Temperature Effects 4.5.1 Langevin Equations Motion.- Equation.- Connection 4.5.2 4.5.3 Applications.- Numerical Examples Discussion.- 4.6 Summary Methods.- 4.6.1 Variables.- Examples.- 4.6.2 Stochastic Processes.- 4.6.3 Radiation Field.- 4.7 Open Systems.- 4.7.1 Equation Motion Reduced Density Matrix.- 4.7.2 Equations.- 5. Stability 5.1 Ill-Posedness 5.1.1 Well-Posed Ill-Posed 5.1.2 Instability.- 5.1.3 General Formulation Linear 5.1.4 Prior Knowledge as Remedy Ill-Posedness.- 5.1.5 Holder Logarithmic Continuity.- 5.2 Regularization 5.2.1 An Outline Miller's 5.2.2 Eigenfunction Expansions Filtering.- 5.2.3 Tikhonov 5.2.4 Estimates.- 5.3 Optimum 5.3.1 Variables Hilbert Space.- 5.3.2 Best 5.3.3 Mean-Square Errors.- 5.3.4 Comparison with 5.4 Optics.- 5.4.1 Fourier Prolate Spheroidal Wave (PSWF).- Perfect Lowpass Filter.- Bandwidth Extrapolation.- 5.4.2 Diffraction.- Diffraction Plane Plane.- Cylindrical Waves.- Far-Field Data.- 5.4.3 Perfectly Conducting Bodies.- 5.4.4 Born Approximation.- 5.4.5 Object Reconstruction Projections Abel 5.4.6 Remarks 6. Combustion Diagnostics Multiangular Absorption.- 6.1 Absorption Homogeneous Media.- 6.2 Scanning.- 6.2.1 Basic 6.2.2 Two-Dimensional Transform.- 6.2.3 Superposition Techniques.- 6.2.4 Algebraic Techniques (ART).- 6.2.5 Applications 6.3 Procedure.- 6.3.1 6.3.2 Observation Oversampling Requirement Reconstruction.- 6.3.3 Measurements M x N Application.- 6.3.4 Convolution Algorithm.- 6.3.5 Simulated Test 6.3.6 6.3.7 Benefits Additional Digital Signal Processing.- 6.3.8 Conclusion.- 6.4 Experimental Aspects.- 7. Polarization Utilization Electromagnetic 7.1 Scope.- 7.1.1 Definitions 7.1.2 Exact, Unique, Approximate 7.1.3 Incompleteness Priori Knowledge, Data Limitedness Self-Consistency.- 7.2 Vector Integral, Its Approximations, Some Tauberian Relations.- 7.2.1 Phenomena, Nomenclature, Radar Definitions.- 7.2.2 Stratton-Chu Integral Vector-Current 7.2.3 Far Fields Physical Their Corrections.- 7.2.4 Time-Domain Target Modeling: Theorems.- 7.3 Matrices.- 7.3.1 7.3.2 Matrices Measurables.- 7.3.3 Kennaugh's Pairs.- 7.3.4 Clutter Characteristic Operators.- Single Classification.- Time-Varying Distributed Target.- Synthetic Aperture Imagery.- 7.4 Various Frequency Regimes.- 7.4.1 Low Regime: Rayleigh-Gans 7.4.2 Resonant Natural Expansion.- 7.4.3 Theories: Broad-Band Transform Method POFFIS Time, Frequency, Projection Domain.- Limited Polarizational Correction.- 7.4.4 Geometrical Asymptotic Theories.- GOIS Minkowski Extension GO Equivalent Curvature Center Discrimination: Kell's Monostatic-Bistatic Equivalence Theorem.- 7.5 Holography Utilization.- 7.5.1 Wavefront Interferometry.- 7.5.2 Dependence Millimeter Microwave Holography.- 7.5.3 Postulate Boundary Conditions.- 7.5.4 Near-Field Approach 7.6 7.6.1 Summary.- 7.6.2 Unresolved 7.6.3 Omissions.- 7.6.4 Recommendations.- References Titles.