Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals

摘要: Here we report the widespread natural occurrence of a known antibiotic and antineoplastic compound, hydroxyurea in animals from many taxonomic groups. Hydroxyurea occurs all organisms have examined including invertebrates (molluscs crustaceans), fishes several major groups, amphibians mammals. The species with highest concentrations was an elasmobranch (sharks, skates rays), little skate Leucoraja erinacea levels up to 250 μM, high enough antiviral, antimicrobial effects based on vitro studies. Embryos L. showed increasing development, indicating capacity for synthesis. Certain tissues other (e.g. skin frog (64 μM), intestine lobster (138 μM) gills surf clam (100 μM)) had antiviral is widely used clinically treatment certain human cancers, sickle cell anemia, psoriasis, myeloproliferative diseases, has been investigated as potential HIV infection its presence at elasmobranchs suggests novel mechanism fighting disease that may explain resistance some In light production nitric oxide exogenously applied hydroxyurea, endogenous hydoxyurea play hitherto unknown role dynamics.