Cascade of Neural Events Leading from Error Commission to Subsequent Awareness Revealed Using EEG Source Imaging

摘要: The goal of the present study was to shed light on respective contributions three important action monitoring brain regions (i.e. cingulate cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex) during conscious detection response errors. To this end, fourteen healthy adults performed a speeded Go/Nogo task comprising Nogo trials varying levels difficulty, designed elicit aware unaware Error awareness indicated by participants with second key press after target press. Meanwhile, electromyogram (EMG) from hand recorded in addition high-density scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). In EMG-locked grand averages, errors clearly elicited an error-related negativity (ERN) reflecting error detection, later positivity (Pe) awareness. However, no Pe or hits. These results are line previous studies suggesting that is associated generation Pe. Source localisation confirmed posterior motor area main generator ERN. inverse solution also point involvement left insula time interval Pe, hence Moreover, consecutive insular activity, right cortex (OFC) activated but not hits, consistent implication evaluation value error. reveal precise sequence activations these non-overlapping following commission, enabling progressive differentiation between as function elapsed, thanks first interoceptive proprioceptive processes (left insula), leading breach prepotent mode (right OFC).